Cold Facial Stimulation and Its Impact on Breathlessness and Exercise Tolerance in Respiratory Disease

Learning Objectives:

• Describe the role of exertional dyspnea in limiting physical activity and contributing to deconditioning in individuals with respiratory disease.
• Explain the proposed mechanism by which cold facial stimulation (CFS) through facial icing may modulate dyspnea via trigeminal-vagal reflexes. .
• Discuss the clinical implications of incorporating facial icing as a strategy to reduce breathlessness during physical exertion in rehabilitation settings